AGBU Scholarship Program COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

AGBU Scholarship Program COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog We were recently made aware of some great scholarship opportunities for promising young Armenians.   Brief details and two of the fellowships are below.   Other fellowships are noted on the web page link so please visit for more information. _______________________ For more than 80 years, the AGBU SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM has championed the higher education of thousands of promising young Armenians enrolled in leading colleges and universities around the world. Financed through Endowment Funds established by generous AGBU donors since the 1920s, the AGBU SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM has proudly contributed to the academic achievements of gifted young Armenians, offering financial assistance to full-time students of Armenian descent from close to 40 countries and five continents, enrolled in competitive academic institutions. AGBU Fellowships Grants awarded annually to graduate and post-graduate students of Armenian descent who are residents/citizens of the United States or Armenia, enrolled in highly competitive colleges/universities in the United States. Application Deadline: April 15 AGBU International Scholarships Grants awarded annually to full-time undergraduate students and some graduate students of Armenian descent (excluding citizens of Armenia studying in Armenia), enrolled in recognized colleges and universities in their countries of residence. Application Deadline: May 31 For full details please visit the AGBU web site.

The Difference Between Alpha and P-Values

In conducting a test of significance or hypothesis test, there are two numbers that are easy to get confused. These numbers are easily confused because they are both numbers between zero and one, and are both probabilities. One number is called the p-value of the test statistic. The other number of interest is the level of significance or alpha. We will examine these two probabilities and determine the difference between them. Alpha Values The number alpha is the threshold value that we measure p-values against. It tells us how extreme observed results must be in order to reject the null hypothesis of a significance test. The value of alpha is associated with the confidence level of our test. The following lists some levels of confidence with their related values of alpha: For results with a 90 percent level of confidence, the value of alpha is 1 — 0.90 0.10.For results with a 95 percent level of confidence, the value of alpha is 1 — 0.95 0.05.For results with a 99 percent level of confidence, the value of alpha is 1 — 0.99 0.01.And in general, for results with a C percent level of confidence, the value of alpha is 1 — C/100. Although in theory and practice many numbers can be used for alpha, the most commonly used is 0.05. The reason for this is both because consensus shows that this level is appropriate in many cases, and historically, it has been accepted as the standard.  However, there are many situations when a smaller value of alpha should be used. There is not a single value of alpha that always determines statistical significance. The alpha value gives us the probability of a type I error. Type I errors occur when we reject a null hypothesis that is actually true. Thus, in the long run, for a test with a level of significance of 0.05 1/20, a true null hypothesis will be rejected one out of every 20 times. P-Values The other number that is part of a test of significance is a p-value. A p-value is also a probability, but it comes from a different source than alpha. Every test statistic has a corresponding probability or p-value. This value is the probability that the observed statistic occurred by chance alone, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. Since there are a number of different test statistics, there are a number of different ways to find a ​p-value. For some cases, we need to know the probability distribution  of the population.​​ The p-value of the test statistic is a way of saying how extreme that statistic is for our sample data. The smaller the p-value, the more unlikely the observed sample. Difference Between P-Value and Alpha To determine if an observed outcome is statistically significant, we compare the values of alpha and the p-value. There are two possibilities that emerge: The p-value is less than or equal to alpha. In this case, we reject the null hypothesis. When this happens, we say that the result is statistically significant. In other words, we are reasonably sure that there is something besides chance alone that gave us an observed sample.The p-value is greater than alpha. In this case, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. When this happens, we say that the result is not statistically significant. In other words, we are reasonably sure that our observed data can be explained by chance alone. The implication of the above is that the smaller the value of alpha is, the more difficult it is to claim that a result is statistically significant. On the other hand, the larger the value of alpha is the easier is it to claim that a result is statistically significant. Coupled with this, however, is the higher probability that what we observed can be attributed to chance.

Incredible Facts About Term Paper

Incredible Facts About Term Paper Our experienced academic writing experts will supply you with quality assured writing help for many of your term paper requirements. Seasoned writers are some of the the very best term paper writers. Experienced term paper writers are affordable and they are able to help you acquire the information that you require for your topic. You need to have a thorough understanding of the way to compose a term paper to impress teachers and earn the grades you have earned. Even should you not detect considerably about an expression paper question, it's possible to even now request your psyche to determine the most plausible respond to. It's also vital to know all the steps and guidelines necessary for term paper writing. The use of the outline is to supply you with a blueprint' of the paper and effortless reference when writing. Our essay writing service was designed to obtain you the additional help you have to have in completing your next paper. Submitting a winning essay is an intricate endeavor. Selecting an essay writer on the internet isn't as expensive as some people today say. Our essay paper writer will allow you to satisfy any deadline however impossible it may appear to you. The Nuiances of Term Paper The price of our customized paper writing services is also dependent on the duration of the assignments and finally the urgency students would want their custom made paper writing services to be accomplished. Often, it is quite a bit more advisable to use term paper writing services. When you purchase a research paper from a business, you wish to make sure you're getting the amount of consumer service you have earned. Our term paper writing service enables customers to select the writer they wish to work with based on their abilities and assignment requirements. The Secret to Term Paper No w different people can highlight unique factors that produce a dissertation striking. Our experts are extremely experienced in their fields, so that you may be certain that both you and your professor will love your initial term paper. It's really integral that plagiarism ought to be nullified in any respect expenses. If you're looking for a term paper help, you require an expert researcher who knows the way to meet all the needs of your institution. You may understand how to compose a term paper, acquiring a notion of the outline, but picking a great topic might be challenging. Secondly, a great paper writer needs to be in a position to perform an in depth research that could enable them to give top quality services to the customers. Whether you own a question about our research paper support, need help ordering a research paper, or merely wish to talk with your writer, we're always here to assist you in any way we can. When you select your topic, make certain you choose something which you're interested in. So, a superb term paper is one which has adequate details about it. You must be sure you obtain a great deal and not merely some old, cheap, term papers. Delivering custom term papers isn't that easy. Our college term papers for sale supply you with an excellent deal every moment. It's also vital to make sure that you opt for a term paper service which will satisfy your deadline. The perfect place to hire one is to purchase term papers online from our site. Just take a look at the cost calculator and see for yourself that rates per page are essentially budget-friendly. It is possible to navigate around our purchase page and see the secureness we're providing.

Koger Properties, Inc. Free Essays

Facts Before the merger, Michael Goodbread served as an audit partner in Touche Ross. In December 1988, Goodbread bought 400 shares of common stock from Koger Properties, Inc. After the effective year of the merger in 1989, Koger automatically became an audit client of Deloitte Touche instead. We will write a custom essay sample on Koger Properties, Inc. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, Goodbread got an identical position in Deloitte Touche in the same year. In the following year, Goodbread was assigned to be an audit engagement partner in association with Koger’s financial statements for the fiscal year which was ended on March 31, 1990. Goodbread was in charge of all facets of Koger audit. Then Goodbread signed the Koger â€Å"audit planning memorandum† on February 21, 1990. Audit planning for the engagement and field work was conducted from that time until June 27, 1990, on which date Goodbread signed the â€Å"audit report record† which was a formal completion of the Koger audit. During the operation, Goodbread sold all his 400 shares of Koger common stock on May 10, 1990. Issues Did Goodbread violate the SEC’s independence rules? 2. Was Goodbread’s equity interest qualified as a material investment? Was it relevant? 3. Under what conditions could Goodbread have later served as the audit engagement partner? Analysis The SEC strongly claimed that Goodbread violated its independence rules because of the following reasons. Rule 2-01(b) of SEC states, â€Å"an accountant will be considered not independent with respect to any person†¦ in which†¦ he, his firm or a member of his firm had, or was committed to acquire, any direct financial interest or any material indirect financial interest†¦ † Clearly, it was a direct financial interest for Goodbread to own 400 shares of Koger common stock in this situation. According to the Code of Professional Conduct, â€Å"Independence shall be considered to be impaired if: During the period of the professional engagement a covered member was committed to acquire any direct or material indirect financial interest in the client (ET  § 101. 1). † In Goodbread’s case, the fact was that he owned 400 shares of Koger common stock which were direct financial interest when he was the audit engagement partner who oversaw the audit of Koger. â€Å"Public confidence would be impaired by evidence that independence was actually lacking, and it might also be impaired by the existence of ircumstances which reasonable people might believe likely to influence independence (SAS  § 220. 03). † An auditor must not only be independent in fact which is related to the evidence that the public have, but must also avoid any actions that may likely seem to influence independence. No matter how many shares of Koger common stock Goodbread owned, it stil l affected his independence. The reason was the public tended to think that Goodbread would maximize his own benefit by unfaithfully making the audit decision for the company. The profession has established, through the AICPA’s Code of Professional Conduct, precepts to guard against the presumption of loss of independence (SAS  § 220. 04). † As an independent auditor, it is important to let the public maintain confidence in order to strength the belief of an audit’s profession. This will all be collapsed after realizing the auditor is holding common stock which is not supposed to. I believe that the investment was a material interest. Common stock has its true existing value knowing as an investment, because it is not just a piece of paper. Having the stock means that the stockholder has the ownership in a specific company. As an auditor, it is unlikely that the public will accept people like Goodbread claimed himself as an independent auditor to audit for the company since he was the one who had the great impact on the audit decisions. Goodbread might not think this way, but the public tended to think he would be biased when he dealt with the financial statements of the company. Therefore, the materiality of this investment was a relevant issue for Goodbread. He really needed to avoid this kind of situation which might lead outsiders to doubt his independence. Goodbread signed the Koger â€Å"audit planning memorandum† on February 21, 1990. It was since that date he had the full responsibility for being independent as an audit of Koger. If Goodbread could sell his 400 shares of Koger common stock before February 21, 1990, there would not be this kind of serious situation happening to him. However, the fact was he did not sell those stocks until May 10, 1990, so he completely lost the ability to be served as an audit engagement partner for the company legally. Conclusion After evaluating the codes and standard, it is not doubtful to see why the SEC took action against Goodbread. The public did not want to believe Goodbread was independent because of his partial ownership in Koger. Goodbread’s Koger ownership must be prohibited during the time of the Koger audit since he did not fully maintain his independence and was not legally responsible for the audit work. The auditor must be honest to claim himself as independent, and he must be away from any interest in the client. How to cite Koger Properties, Inc., Essay examples

The United Arabs Emirates

Introduction The United Arab Emirates is a federal country located in the southwest of Asia. It consists of Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai and Fujairah among others. Its capital is Abu Dhabi. The United Arab Emirates is immediately bordered by Oman and Saudi Arabia and shares boarders with countries like Iraq, Iran, and Qatar among others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The United Arabs Emirates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper seeks to discuss the United Arab Emirates. The paper will look into the political and economic stability of the country in comparison to that of the Middle East to investigate whether or not, the country is a regional power. Economy of the United Arab Emirates The country is reported to have a liberalized economy with positive attributes such as â€Å"high per capita income and a sizable annual trade surplus† (Central 1). The country, like others in the Middle East has over tim e been highly dependent on its oil and hydro carbons to facilitate its economy. This specialized economic establishment has, however, been changing following the diversification of the country’s economy. The oil industry has however been significant to the country’s economy since oil was discovered in the country. Oil production is for example realized to have transformed the country from its previous state to the current stability with desirable living standards. The government of the United Arab Emirates has been on the fore front for steering economic developments in the country with massive investments to facilitate growth. Investments such as in expanding the economy for the creation of more job opportunities, infrastructural developments and promotion of investment activities has been a key interest of the country’s government. The move to attract investors into the country has been significant with the government granting provisions for full ownership of business enterprises to foreign investors in some parts of the country (Central 1). Cases of reduced level of taxation over investment have also been reported in the country for the purpose of attracting investors. The economic stability of the country was for instance proved during the global crisis that was realized in the year 2009 as the country was in its capacity to provide internal financial support to its affected emirates. Abu Dhabi was for instance aided Dubai through loans. The country has succeeded in its economic diversification that has greatly reduced its level of dependence on oil and gas to about a quarter of the country’s economy. This, with an assumption that the country’s productivity in oil and gas has not reduced, is an indicator that the country has been realizing economic growth in other sectors apart from oil and gas (Central 1).Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The United Arab Emirates is one of the regionally identified economic centers in Asia. The developments of economy in a variety of sectors apart from the oil and gas industry has played a role in not just developing the country’s economy but also establishing it among other economies in the region. The country’s economic diversification was characterized by industrialization and improved transportation system that included developed air transport (Encyclopedia 1). According to the BBC, the United Arab Emirates has since its inception developed to become â€Å"one of the middle east’s most important economic centers† (BBC 1). Dubai is for instance reported to have been outstanding in the Middle East in the year 2000 as an economic centre. Attracting both expertise and investors into the country and the region, Dubai established the United Arab Emirates as an economic power in the region (BBC 1). Dubai is characteristically identifi ed to be an outstanding element in the Middle East. The levels of developments that have been realized in the city are actually comparable and surprisingly better those developments that have at the same time been achieved in some of the Middle East countries. One of the factors that make Dubai a regional power is the capacity that it has shown with respect to development activities. Though it had limited resources in terms of oil reserves, Dubai established and overtook states in the Middle East in economic developments. It has therefore exhibited its capacity to become an economic power in the region. The collective pride over Dubai ultimately lies with its parent federation which in consideration with its other emirs exerts itself as a center of economic power in the region (Denicola 62). The political system in Dubai and the United Arab Emirates, though not actually a democratic one, has been the key to the country’s developments that puts it to lead the region’s e conomic pride. It is this leadership that has made the country to its current success through attracting investments and human labor that has led to the development (Denicola 105). Conclusion The United Arab Emirates is a federation of oil rich regions. Though identified as an isolated region before it discovered its oil reserves, the country has used its resources to diversify and develop its economy to become an outstanding economic center in the region. Its developing trend might establish it as the region’s top economic centre in future.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The United Arabs Emirates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited BBC. United Arab Emirates country profile. BBC, 2010. Web. Central. Middle East: united Arabs emirates. Fact Book, 2011. Web. Denicola, Christopher. Dubai’s political and economic development: An oasis in the desert. Library Williams, 2005. Web. Encyclopedia. United Arabs Emirates/ Economy. UAE, n.d. Web. This essay on The United Arabs Emirates was written and submitted by user George Madden to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Matrix, Plato and Descartes Essay Example

The Matrix, Plato and Descartes Essay Example The Matrix, Plato and Descartes Paper The Matrix, Plato and Descartes Paper The Matrix. There is a super computer that controls the reality of all humans. Neo, a character in the movie, realizes that the Matrix is not real. Morpheme helps him to come to this realization that his life was not real, that a super computer was programming his thoughts, and experiences. All the humans were In this huge machine with their brains connected to a bunch of wires, and their thoughts were being Inputted by the computer. In Plats Allegory of the Cave, there is a similar situation. In his description of the prisoners of the cave, the prisoners ere chained down, and only able to look a wall. There was a fire behind them and shadows from other walking by were played out on the wall for the prisoners to see. They believed the shadows to be real. When one of the prisoners were released, they perceived the real world in actuality, and the shadows they perceived to be real were not. Like in The Matrix, they believed only what they perceived. In Descanters Meditation I of the Things of Which May Doubt, he says he will doubt everything he believes unless he Is absolutely certain of the truth of the belief. He believes that our knees can deceive us on many levels. Descanters also says when we dream we can never be sure what Is real and what Is a dream. The salutary of Descanters with The Matrix and Allegory of the Cave Is the evil demon theory. He believes that he Is being deceived by an evil demon of all senses and knowledge (Foreman Dew, 2012). That the evil demon is allowing us to perceive what he wants us to perceive. How do we know the world we are experiencing is real? All we know has been taught to us by our senses and perception on how we sense these things. I believe by ouch, sight, smell, and all these things are real to me. I believe in our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. That Jesus died on the cross for our sins. This is the real world to me. I have faith in our Lord that what we are experiencing is real and not some dream or alternate reality. At the end of the Allegory of the Cave, Socrates explained that most men would want to escape the cave and see reality as It really Is. In The Matrix; however, In his betrayal of Morpheme, Cipher implies that it is better to live in the artificial world of the Matrix. Cipher believed that ignorance is bliss. For me, I would like to know what reality really is. Ignorance is bliss can be a nice thing, but something always happens to make you doubt what is really going on. When that happened you truly believe that you have been deceived and everything you thought to be true is not. Most of our knowledge is based on sense experience, and they are not always accurate. How can we be truly certain of our beliefs? Personally, I know about the senses not being accurate. I am legally blind, and hard of hearing. Much of my world is not truly how It Is perceived. I rely on what my family and friends tell me. What makes me certain of my beliefs Is my faith In our Lord. A few years ago, I might have questioned everything based on my senses not being accurate. How do I know that I am truly seeing or hearing whats in front of me. My faith in the Lord has leaded me through everything. References Foreman, Mark Dew, Jar. J. (2012) How Certain Can We Be? In, How Do You Know? A Short Introduction to the Issues of Epistemology. (p. 58). Downers Grove, IL: Intermarries Press. Wackiest, Andy, and Lana Wackiest. The Matrix. Directed by Andy Wackiest and Lana Wackiest. Los Angels: Warner Brow. Pictures, 1999.

How to Write an Editorial Essay

How to Write an Editorial Essay Useful Tips to Write an Editorial Unlike typical research essays, editorial seems to be a more difficult assignment. It contains some pieces of journalistic work. A few authors can really boast such skills as well as the ability to share opinions that will find readers’ support. Writing editorial is not just describing some news. It is about delivering the topic your readers expect to get. Editorial is about sharing the opinion that may have high value in concerns of a chosen topic. Sounds pretty tough, right? Have no worries! Our list of useful editorial writing tips from Tutoriage will come in handy. Select a Worthy Topic The first step is always the most difficult one. When it comes to editorials, your mission is to choose the most newsworthy topic that will definitely hit the headlines. Not only should your story be newsworthy but also relevant to the audience that will read your paper. Avoid using out-of-date topics and choose ideas related to some recent events or actions. Keep an eye on the relevancy of the topic as the main aspect of your future paper. Identify all pieces of information you want to present. Whether it is going to be statistics, charts, survey results, etc.   Make sure your readers would be eager to get in touch with those pieces of information. Look Into the Topic You need to be a proven expert when it comes to describing the topic. Make sure you have learned each and every aspect of it. Try to identify all possible sides of the topic no matter if they are true or false. You can use those sides to promote your personal point of view as well as support arguments and evidence. Avoid choosing any side. Journalists are supposed to be somewhere between all of the sides although giving respect for the truth. Build the Opinion After you have explored the topic, you need to construct your own opinion. It should be based on all the information you managed to generate and gather. Make sure you have a clear understanding of the difference between valid and invalid opinion. It will let you choose better arguments that will look more persuasive for the reader. Construct an Outline Now you need a clear plan for your paper. The next stage is to design a proper outline featuring all aspects of your paper divided into paragraphs. Indicate paragraphs containing quotes, stats and other information that depicts the core issues of the topic. Develop a plan that has all necessary components structured in a logical outline with comprehensive coherences. Edit and Double-Check Avoid the slightest grammar and punctuation mistakes. Otherwise, your paper will be nothing but an epic fail. Ask friends and relatives to read your editorial. Detect and eliminate all possible content malfunctions and establish a proper writing style that refers specifically to this type of academic assignment. Now, let the world hear your story!